Chandni Sharma
Quantum internet breakthrough could help make hacking a thing
Quantum internet breakthrough could help make hacking a thing. The advent of mass working from home has made many people more aware of the security risks of sending sensitive information via the internet. The best we can do at the moment is make it difficult to intercept and hack your messages – but we can’t make it impossible.
What we need is a new type of internet:
the quantum internet. In this version of the global network, data is secure, connections are private and your worries about information being intercepted are a thing of the past.
Our current way of protecting online data is to encrypt it using mathematical problem that are easy to solve if you have a digital “key” to unlock the encryption but hard to solve without it. However, hard does not mean impossible and, with enough time and computer power, today’s methods of encryption can be broken.
Entanglement is so useful that it is set to become a resource itself, like data or electricity or water. And the primary purpose of the quantum internet is to distribute and exploit this resource in the form of entangled particles.
Quantum communication, on the other hand, creates keys using individual particles of light (photons) , which – according to the principles of quantum physics – are impossible to make an exact copy of. Any attempt to copy these keys will unavoidably cause errors that can be detected. This means a hacker, no matter how clever or powerful they are or what kind of supercomputer they possess, cannot replicate a quantum key or read the message it encrypts.
There is a catch, however. Entanglement is relatively straightforward to produce — quantum optics labs all over the world can produce it more or less on demand. But it is fragile, hard to store and tricky to transmit.
That’s why quantum networks are so difficult to build. Almost any outside interference destroys entanglement. Sneeze and you lose it.
So much of the practical work involved in creating quantum networks is in purifying, storing and boosting entanglement as it travels over long distances.
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